The project will turn the cooperation between the two companies into capital investment, based on a capital and business alliance which was concluded in April 2024.

The project includes Cosmo Oil’s conversion of a decommissioned hydrogen production facility having a capacity of 80 tpd at its Chiba refinery in Ichihara City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, and the supply of some of the hydrogen which is produced in the petroleum refining process to the Iwatani Group.

The Iwatani Group will then liquefy the incoming hydrogen at a newly built liquefied hydrogen plant that has a production capacity of 11.6 tpd in the exact same premises and then deliver it to local customers via tanker trucks.

With a backdrop of expanding the hydrogen portfolio in Japan, through this initiative, Cosmo Energy will ensure stable production and procurement of the hydrogen needed to refine petroleum products, which will further enhance dependable refinery operations and establish the basis for a reliable supply of products. Furthermore, Iwatani will build a fourth liquefied hydrogen plant in Japan to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen and meet the growing demand.

Cosmo Iwatani Hydrogen Engineering LLC will provide engineering, procurement and construction – EPC services for the project. The company was founded in November 2023 as a JV between Cosmo Engineering Co., Ltd., and Iwatani to work together on the hydrogen-related project engineering business. The project is the physical manifestation of the results of the cooperation between both companies from the construction stage.

The two companies intend to move the project forward to bolster the hydrogen business of both groups, integrating the know-how in hydrogen production of Cosmo Energy and handling at its refineries with Iwatani’s production, transportation and storage network – which Iwatani says accounts for about 70% of all hydrogen in Japan, excluding the on-site and piped supply.

Benefits and expectations of the project for the future

• Competitive hydrogen supply through synergy between both the companies – They will create a competitive hydrogen supply chain by combining capacity for production and lowering production costs in comparison to distinct capital investments by each company.
• Building a foundation for reliable refinery operations and improving flexibility for future changes – Securing a new hydrogen supply source so as to develop a dependable system for acquiring hydrogen, which is vital to refinery activities, while guaranteeing hydrogen safety and scalability in preparation for future restructurings within the petrochemical industry along with structural changes across the industrial complex.

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This is the second industrial supply contract for green hydrogen for EWE after the agreement with Salzgitter AG that took place a few weeks ago. tesa and EWE have already invested in the hydrogen ramp-up – EWE in generation and infrastructure, and tesa in the prerequisites for industrial usage. The supply contract is bringing supply and demand together.

Emden-Hydrogen for Hamburg

The green hydrogen for tesa is to be produced at the hydrogen plant of EWE in Emden with an output of 320 megawatts, which is to be commissioned at the end of 2027. The hydrogen will be produced by electrolysis using electricity from renewable energies and will comply with the European Renewable Hydrogen Requirements – RFNBO. From there the hydrogen would be transported to Hamburg by means of the emerging hydrogen core network.At the same time, tesa is getting ready to link its plant to the Hamburg hydrogen industry network HH-WIN. The link is set to be finished by the end of 2027, with the first hydrogen use for steam generation slated for 2028.

Dr. Kourosh Bahrami, CEO of tesa SE, said, “We want to gradually make our production climate-neutral by 2030 and are creating the technical prerequisites for this at the Hamburg plant. Green hydrogen complements electrification, heat storage and intelligent energy control where process heat cannot be fully electrified. In this way, we combine measurable CO₂ reduction with reliable and sustainable production for our customers. The contract with EWE is therefore not only an important step for our climate targets but also for the long-term competitiveness of the site.”

It is well to be noted that 500 tonnes to cover planned hydrogen demand at tesa’s Hamburg plant is the biggest energy and emissions site in the tesa network. It integrates the transformation concept with the improved efficiency, electrification with heat storage, AI-supported control of energy flows and green hydrogen. From 2028, tesa plans to generate about 500 tonnes of green hydrogen from Emden annually for steam generation. This should reduce the plant’s emissions by about 6,000 tonnes of CO2e a year. The technical basis for this is two dual-fuel steam boilers ready for H₂, the first of which has already been installed and connected.

According to EWE CEO Stefan Dohler, “With tesa, another well-known industrial customer after Salzgitter, has opted for green hydrogen from EWE. This shows that supply and demand can come together, even if the market is still in its infancy. tesa and EWE are making binding decisions today for a more climate-friendly energy supply for tomorrow.”

Infrastructure needed for the hydrogen ramp-up

EWE bundles important elements of the hydrogen value chain from production to transport and storage to delivery to industrial customers. The IPCEI’s large-scale Clean Hydrogen Coastline project is constructing electrolysis and storage as well as pipeline infrastructures in northwest Germany.

The federal government and the state of Lower Saxony are subsidizing the development of this hydrogen infrastructure. This also includes the 320-megawatt generation plant in Emden, from where the hydrogen for tesa will be supplied. The supply contract is a private-sector contract between EWE HYDROGEN GmbH and the tesa works in Hamburg.

The public also supports the conversion of the tesa plant in Hamburg. It is worth noting that tesa receives funding for the project from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy under a climate protection contract as well as local funding from IFB Hamburg. For EWE, the agreement with tesa is also the first hydrogen supply contract wherein a climate protection contract from the federal government supports the use of green hydrogen on the customer side. The contract therefore provides concrete evidence that government instruments could help to boost industrial demand and to accelerate the development of the hydrogen market.

Partnerships drive the hydrogen market forward

The agreement with tesa shows that green hydrogen is finding real industrial applications. But the market ramp up still depends on funding. For individual projects to develop into a market, further industrial partnerships and dependable framework conditions are required. That is especially competitive electricity prices, realistic production specifications and enough renewable electricity, EWE believes.

Says Dohler, CEO of EWE, early contracts show companies are willing to take the lead. Now it’s time to move from individual projects to scaling. Green hydrogen needs to be produced and used competitively in Germany and Europe. For this, companies must establish long-term security and feasible rules so that hydrogen may improve the durability of the energy supply along with Europe’s energy sovereignty.

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After trial operations, demonstration operations are scheduled to start in January 2027.

The demonstration project aims to acquire the technical knowledge needed to commercialize Direct MCH technology, supporting future large-scale development of green hydrogen supply chains. Green hydrogen, produced from renewable energy, is projected to play an important part in establishing a carbon-neutral society. But cutting production and transportation costs is still a big hurdle. ENEOS aims to achieve reduction of the total cost of the green hydrogen supply chain by adopting Direct MCH technology that enables direct single-step synthesis of MCH. Furthermore, demonstration operations will be performed in Australia, one of the leading regions in the world for renewable energy production, in an effort to identify and address technical challenges associated with the plant operation at an early stage.

ENEOS has been steadily advancing the development of Direct MCH® technology and has now developed a 1.2 MW class electrolyzer, which is the minimum unit size for commercial use. The Large hydrogen carrier demonstration plant will include an electrolyzer roughly eight times the size of the unit used in an earlier pilot in 2023 and will be designed for a maximum production capacity of 9 tonnes of MCH a day. Operations for the demonstration are expected to continue for some two years. Through demonstration operations, ENEOS will evaluate performance, degradation behavior, and other operational characteristics and collect data required for commercialization.

Based on the information gathered from this demonstration project, ENEOS will endeavor to commercialize and deploy the technology, taking full account of technological progress, economic viability, and market conditions.

In accordance with its long-term vision, the ENEOS Group is striving to achieve both a consistent supply of energy and materials and the realization of a carbon-neutral society. ENEOS will keep pushing forward with the development and demonstration of next-generation energy solutions, incorporating technologies for green hydrogen supply chains, and look for opportunities for their commercially viable deployment going forward.

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The system consists of an electrolyzer, hydrogen storage and a fuel cell and allows solar power to be utilised to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen can then be stored without losses and reconverted to electricity by the fuel cell, for example, during power grid outages. The system assessed in the project has an electrolysis capacity of 20 kW and a fuel cell capacity of 10 kW and is able to store about 1.2 MWh of chemical power and 670 kWh of electrical energy in the form of hydrogen.

The consortium of the Sustainable Technologies Laboratory at the Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Green Power Brains GmbH as well as SFC Energy AG has realized a pilot project with GH2GH which offers valuable insights into the feasibility and dependability of green hydrogen and fuel cell technologies for a decentralized energy supply in Ghana and sub-Saharan Africa. Results of the project show that such systems are an effective and sustainable alternative to diesel generators commonly employed to fill longer gaps when it comes to power generation and supply. Of special value are understandings that can only be obtained from demonstration projects under real-world scenarios. Further development of system design, water treatment, cooling and operating strategies allowed the system to run reliably in tropical conditions.

At the same time, the project especially contributed to building local expertise by means of its cooperation with local partner Don Bosco Solar as well as the Renewable Energy Center in Tema, Ghana. Engaging local stakeholders in the installation, operation and maintenance of the hydrogen microgrid, as well as training skilled personnel, contributes to developing the expertise needed for long-term deployment of the technology in the region.

Demonstration projects like GH2GH are important for visibility and acceptance of hydrogen technologies: They allow people to experience hands-on with the technology, to build confidence in the capabilities of the technology and to encourage exchange between potential users, research institutions and companies. It is well to be noted that the hydrogen microgrid in Tema will remain in operation beyond the project and will be available as a demonstration, training and pilot initiative for interested stakeholders from Ghana and West Africa. This implies that the expertise gained can continue to underpin shared knowledge, capacity building and the development of further projects across the region and simultaneously lay important foundations for the broader use of hydrogen technologies “Made in Germany”.

In addition, research by Bochum University of Applied Sciences and other partners yields significant scientific results on environmental effects, social acceptance, market potential and business models as well as degradation mechanisms in electrolyzers. GH2GH not only offers technical insights but also key answers to the query of how CleanTech “Made in Germany” is capable of successfully entering global markets.

The GH2GH project was co-financed by the Export Initiative for Environmental Protection – EXI program of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Climate Action, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety – BMUKN. NOW GmbH, as the program management organization has worked in close cooperation with the project management organization ZUG gGmbH in support of the GH2GH project.

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IE-GRID 4 is designed for off-grid applications and incorporates a fuel cell, battery, inverter and control system in a ready-to-deploy unit that takes up less than one square metre.

It is a system built for high-demand temporary power applications and is capable of powering site equipment, CCTV and security systems, communications infrastructure, outdoor events, film and television production, and catering facilities, as well as battery charging for tools and equipment.

The system provides a continuous power output of up to 3.5 kW with a built-in battery supporting peak output up to 6 kW. In use, it only gives off water and heat directly, removing diesel exhaust fumes, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and particulate matter.

IE-GRID 4 is much quieter than traditional diesel generators and is therefore well suited for noise-sensitive locations such as urban settings, residential areas, public areas, and film production sets.

As per the Head of Product Line, IE-POWER™ at Intelligent Energy, David Fields, “Small diesel generators are everywhere because they solve a simple problem: providing reliable power where there is no grid connection. IE-GRID 4 delivers that same reliability without the emissions, noise or engine maintenance.

The system provides reliable zero-emission power in a compact, deployment-ready package, making hydrogen a practical solution for construction, telecoms, events and countless other off-grid applications.”

The mobile hydrogen fuel cell generator has been designed for easy deployment. Integrated lifting points and an IP43-rated enclosure ensure tough outdoor operation, which has already been demonstrated in real-life scenarios across Europe, powering live telecommunications networks as well as hydrogen energy installations at two international airports.

Now included in the expanding IE-GRID portfolio, the system provides a cost-effective, ready-to-deploy replacement to diesel generators and adds to Intelligent Energy’s broader portfolio of hydrogen power solutions that range from small-sized off-grid systems to multi-megawatt grids.

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A collaboration led by Kyriakos Stylianou of the OSU College of Science has developed a photocatalyst that can be used to produce hydrogen at high speed and efficiency. Hydrogen is used in fuel cells for cars and in manufacturing many chemicals, including ammonia, in refining metals, and in making plastics.

A catalyst is a substance that boosts the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed during the process, Stylianou said. A photocatalyst is a material that absorbs light and can increase the energy state of the material to facilitate reactions.

The findings, reported in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, offer a potential new tool to fight greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, said Stylianou, who studies crystalline, porous materials known as metal-organic frameworks, or MOFs.

MOFs are composed of positively charged metal ions coordinated to organic linker molecules and feature nanosized pores and tunable structural properties. They can be designed with different components to determine the properties of the MOF, and there are millions of possible MOFs, said Stylianou.

Chemistry researchers have made about 100,000 of them, and they have predicted the properties of another half-million.

For this work, the researchers utilized a MOF, BVR-19, that has a unique structural feature, a sulfide-to-sulfide bond that can transiently cleave when exposed to light, producing reactive sulfur species.

Stylianou said, “The important work is done by the organic part. Instead, our material uses its sulfur-containing organic building blocks to capture sunlight and move electrons where they are needed to produce hydrogen, rather than relying primarily on the metal atoms. This is a different way of thinking about how you should design these materials.”

There’s no other expensive metal catalyst needed, he added, which could make it easier to design future light-driven hydrogen production systems. Another energy benefit of BVR-19 is that it is synthesised in aqueous solutions at room temperature and spontaneously.

Generating hydrogen through water splitting in a catalytic process is cleaner than producing hydrogen from natural gas in a carbon-dioxide-generating process called methane-steam reforming, said Stylianou.

Today, electrocatalysis, which involves passing an electric current through the catalyst, is employed in catalytic processes to generate hydrogen from water. The sustainability of electrocatalysis is based on the use of renewable energy, and the energy has to be cheap for market competitiveness.

The cost of producing hydrogen via methane-steam reforming is currently around $1.50 per kilogram, versus $5 per kilogram for green hydrogen.

Stylianou, who directs OSU’s Materials Discovery Laboratory, known as the MaD Lab, says that “Our work provides a blueprint for designing better materials that can lower the cost of green hydrogen.  By changing the metal but generally leaving the other components of the material unchanged, we learned why some versions of the MOF work much better than others. The findings provide new design rules for developing more effective materials for the production of solar fuels.”

The study was supported by the Murdock Charitable Trust, the National Science Foundation, and OSU College of Science.

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It is well to be noted that biomethanol is a viable pathway for decarbonization of difficult-to-electrify sectors such as the shipping sector and the chemical industry. Renewable hydrogen can boost the outputs of production by adding to the hydrogen in biomass-derived syngas to transform a greater amount of biogenic carbon into biomethanol.

Lhyfe has four production sites already set up in Europe, to be six by the end of 2026. The company advances in the development of large-scale on-site projects of upward of several hundred megawatts in scale. The fact is that the Netherlands is one of the most advanced green hydrogen markets in Europe, and Lhyfe is developing projects there, including this large 120 MW project in Delfzijl.

Perpetual Next is additionally constructing one of five biomethanol facilities at different stages of development within the same industrial cluster, DeltaNor, as a 220,000 tonne-per-year biomethanol production facility.

Lhyfe Delfzijl and Perpetual Next will, under the MoU, look at the prospect of integrating renewable hydrogen from the planned DelfzHyl renewable hydrogen production facility into Perpetual Next’s DeltaNor facility.

The partners are targeting an off-take of around 12,000 tonnes of renewable hydrogen a year. Any supply arrangement would be subject to additional technical and commercial assessment.

Notably, Delfzijl is already a big user of hydrogen as a chemical feedstock. Location is massive for the industrial and chemical industry. This need will increase significantly in the future as decarbonization will be inevitable in the long term. Particularly, under the revised Renewable Energy Directive – RED III, Member States ought to guarantee that renewable hydrogen – RFNBO makes up a minimal share of industrial consumption of hydrogen by 2030 and 2035.

The CEO of Perpetual Next, René Buwalda, said, “Access to competitively priced renewable hydrogen will be an important consideration in the continued development of DeltaNor. This MoU gives both companies a structured framework to evaluate how locally produced renewable hydrogen could support our biomethanol facility while strengthening the development case for both projects.”

Luc Graré, who is the Chief Strategy Officer at Lhyfe, said, “This agreement reflects the strong industrial complementarity between our renewable hydrogen project in Delfzijl and Perpetual Next’s biomethanol development. It illustrates the growing role of renewable hydrogen in decarbonizing hard-to-abate sectors. We look forward to working together to demonstrate the synergies between the two projects within the Delfzijl industrial cluster and to strengthen their respective industrial cases, including in the context of the public support schemes required to enable their development.”

The parties will now proceed with their technical and commercial negotiations, including an assessment of a renewable hydrogen supply arrangement, and support the further progress of their respective initiatives in Delfzijl.

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Companies such as ACME Group, AM Green as well as Larsen & Toubro’s L&T Energy GreenTech are emerging as major players when it comes to the export market, with Japan and Europe being among the first large overseas destinations for Indian renewable fuels.

In one of the latest developments, AM Green, Hyderabad, was the only winner of the Asian lot in the H2Global auction held by HINT.CO GmbH – Hintco. The company has entered into a long-term deal to supply renewable ammonia to Germany.

Under the 10-year deal, Hintco will buy ammonia from AM Green for a minimum of €585 million. It can also purchase more volumes supplied by the company from the earnings of the green ammonia resale in the European market.

The ammonia will be produced at AM Green’s Phase 2 project in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. The company is transforming a current ammonia and urea complex based on natural gas to a renewable ammonia production facility with the use of alkaline electrolysis technology.

First deliveries to Germany will be scheduled in 2029. The ammonia will be moved from Kakinada Seaports, which are near the production facility.

Said Mahesh Kolli, Group President and JMD, AM Green, “This landmark achievement consolidates AM Green’s position as the supplier of choice for renewable ammonia to Germany and wider Europe and demonstrates that optimally priced green molecules can be delivered from India at an industrial scale.”

The strong bids from project developers demonstrated that renewable-ammonia projects were more mature than they were in the first auction, said Timo Bollerhey, CEO of Hintco and co-founder of H2Global. He added that longer-term contracts give producers greater confidence to invest and European buyers a more trustworthy supply.

The emerging export pipeline is led by ACME Group, AM Green, and L&T Energy GreenTech. The publicly announced agreements from these companies combined cover a maximum of 1.2 million tonnes a year of renewable or green ammonia and 100,000 tonnes a year when it comes to green methanol, sources said.

AM Green bags European off-take

It is well to be noted that in January 2026, AM Green Ammonia India signed a long-term agreement with German energy company Uniper for one of the first significant binding India-origin green-ammonia deals in Europe.

Under the deal, Uniper will buy up to 500,000 tonnes per year of renewable ammonia from AM Green’s projects in India.

First shipments could start as early as 2028 from the Kakinada project of AM Green in Andhra Pradesh, which is under construction and has a yearly capacity of 1 million tonnes.

The deal gives AM Green a key customer in Europe, as it builds out its renewable-ammonia production capacity.

As Green hydrogen sector in India is transitioning and with Indian producers progressively targeting foreign markets when it comes to renewable fuels, the deals underscore a growing trend in the green hydrogen sector of India toward long-term commercial supply agreements.

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It is well to be noted that the technology integrates hydrogen production and water production, as well as thermal management into one system and has the potential to reduce dependence on freshwater resources when it comes to green hydrogen production and offer a new pathway for sustainable hydrogen development across the water-scarce regions.

The research was led by Prof. SHANG Chii, a professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at HKUST, along with Dr. Gabriela Scheibel CASSOL, who is the postdoctoral fellow in the same department and an HKUST PhD graduate in Environmental Engineering. Prof. Paul WESTERHOFF from Arizona State University and corresponding author Dr. SONG Yinghao, who is a postdoctoral fellow at PolyU and a PhD graduate in civil engineering from HKUST, were also part of the research team.

The research was published in Nature Communications under the title “Thermally symbiotic integration of osmotic membrane distillation and electrolysis for direct seawater hydrogen production.”

Innovative Design of Thermal Symbiosis for Resource Efficiency Enhancement

Renewable hydrogen could be important in the transition to a low-carbon energy system. However, traditional water electrolysis requires high-purity water, which is an additional challenge for the limited fresh water resources. Seawater is an abundant source for electrolysis, but the salts and other constituents can facilitate undesirable reactions and hasten membrane and catalyst degradation, thus making direct seawater electrolysis less feasible.

To face these challenges, the research team combined osmotic membrane distillation (OMD) and alkaline water electrolysis – AWE. The OMD process separates purified water from seawater and prevents the major seawater constituents from reaching the electrolyzer. This allows the system to benefit from mature alkaline electrolysis technology without direct contact of essential components with seawater contaminants.

The system’s innovation is at its heart, thermal symbiosis design. In the course of electrolysis some electrical energy must be converted into heat. Instead of just dispersing this heat with typical cooling, the scientists are harnessing it to power OMD for water creation. The OMD process simultaneously offers the possibility of heat dissipation from the electrolyzer, such that water production and thermal management are mutually enhancing, cyclically, for better use of the overall resources.

99% Rejection of Major Components in Seawater

The unified sustainable seawater-to-hydrogen system achieved more than 99% rejection of major seawater constituents using real seawater and retained stability for more than 500 hours of continuous operation, with Faradaic efficiency, in addition to hydrogen and oxygen purity, all in excess of 99%. The researchers also developed a thermal-water-hydrogen model that shows thermal circulation can be maintained within the efficiency range of commercially available alkaline electrolyzers, supporting the possibility of long-term continuous operation.

Prof. SHANG Chii, co-author of the study, said that “Developing hydrogen energy requires not only renewable electricity but also a sustainable water supply. Our research demonstrates a new approach that uses heat generated by the electrolysis process itself to produce the purified water needed by the system, transforming what would otherwise be waste heat into a valuable resource. This thermal symbiosis design not only improves the utilization of both energy and water resources but also demonstrates the feasibility of integrating seawater hydrogen production, desalination, and thermal management within a single platform. We hope this research can provide valuable insights for the future development of green hydrogen technologies in coastal and water-stressed regions.”

The team believes the innovation shows the potential to integrate seawater purification, hydrogen production, and thermal management on one platform. Future work will be focused on extending the application range of the system and further evaluating its performance under practical operating conditions so as to evaluate its potential for large-scale hydrogen production. According to the results reported, the technology is still in the laboratory validation stage, and further scale-up and long-term durability studies will be required before it can be deployed commercially.

This study was supported by the HKUST 30 for 30 Research Initiative Scheme and the PolyU Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship Scheme, along with the Theme-based Research Scheme of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council as Project No. T21-604/19-R.

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When complete, the 3,300 km corridor will be capable of transporting 4 million tonnes of green hydrogen from North Africa to Italy and Austria, as well as Germany. That is more than 40% of the import target in the REPowerEU, the EU’s plan to lower its reliance on Russian fossil fuels.

The declaration was approved at a meeting in Algiers in Algeria. The participants reiterated their commitment to improving the security and diversity of energy supplies within the region, as per a statement issued by the German economy and energy ministry.

The joint efforts of all stakeholders involved in the development of the corridor shall be strengthened, which includes financial institutions, transmission system operators, and national regulatory authorities, as well as producers, off-takers, and different stakeholders. In addition, an ongoing dialogue between the partner countries should be developed in the future.

The parties also discussed a project, the Algeria to Europe Hydrogen Alliance – ALTEH2A, to scale up green hydrogen production in Algeria and assist supply when it comes to the European market.

The declaration was welcomed by the German energy company VNG AG, a collaborator in ALTEH2A, with naming ALTEH2A as a significant hydrogen project for the development as far as the SoutH2 Corridor initiative is concerned.

The most recent document was approved after Italy, Germany, Austria, Algeria and Tunisia signed a declaration in January 2026 so as to continue working on the hydrogen path.

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